Effectiveness of Chewing Gum Containing CPP-ACP for Remineralisation of Demineralised Enamel around Orthodontic Brackets: An in Situ Study

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of chewing gums containing CPP-ACP in remineralisation of demineralised enamel around orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Enamel blocks from 120 bovine incisors were used. The blocks were flattened and polished, followed by the development of incipient subsurface caries. The blocks have been subjected to a baseline microhardness analysis. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the exposed area of the blocks, reserving an area for hardness analysis. An in situ crossover (three-way crossover phases of 21 days with an interval of one week between them), controlled, randomised and blind experimental model was used, with the participation of 12 volunteers divided into groups: G1 - negative control group, without chewing gum; G2 - conventional sugar-free chewing gum, without CPP-ACP (placebo); and G3 - sugar-free chewing gum with CPP-ACP. The following parameters were analysed: superficial linear (Ra), volumetric roughness (Sa), and superficial structural loss, which was indicated by Gap measurement (difference between the healthy and treated area). Statistical tests used were the Friedman, Wilcoxon and Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal Wallis' nonparametric tests and ANOVA. Results: There was a significant reduction in enamel microhardness after demineralisation in all the groups (p<0.05). This deleterious effect was attenuated in the three groups after the final evaluation, although there were no statistical differences (p<0.05); however, the final values did not return to the baseline values (p<0.05). Conclusion: Chewing gum containing CPP-ACP did not promote in situ remineralisation of demineralised enamel around orthodontic brackets.

Importância do cirurgião-dentista no diagnóstico de abuso sexual infantil – revisão de literatura / Importance of the dentist in the diagnosis of child sexual abuse – a review

Introdução: É dever do cirurgião-dentista ser capaz de identificar lesões provenientes de abuso sexual infantil, uma vez que grande parte das mesmas ocorrem nos campos de trabalho deste profissional. Objetivos: O presente trabalho visa, por meio de revisão da literatura, apontar o papel do dentista ao se deparar com lesões provenientes de abuso sexual infantil. Material e método: Informações provenientes de legislação e literatura especializada nacional, relativas ao tema, foram compiladas. Visto que, em suagraduação, os cirurgiões-dentistas recebem pouca ou nenhuma base referente às principais manifestações físicas e psicológicas em situações de abuso sexual, muitos acabam por não conseguirem diagnosticar e, consequentemente, não cumprem seu papel de notificar casos suspeitos, seja por medoou por desconhecer sua obrigação diante deste tipo de violência. Resultados e conclusão: É necessárioque profissionais da Odontologia sejam conscientizados durante sua graduação, para que, depois deformados, não sejam omissos. Portanto, é de extrema importância que o tema passe a compor o plano deensino de todas as instituições, especialmente nas disciplinas de Odontologia Legal e Odontopediatria.

Introduction: All dentists must be able to diagnose lesions from child sexual abuse, once many of the moccur in the working fields of this professional. Objectives: This study aims, through literature review, topoint out the role of the dentist when faced with injuries from child sexual abuse. Method: Information from legislation and national literature on the subject was compiled. Since at her graduation, dentists receivelittle or no basis concerning the main physical and psychological manifestations in sexual abuse situation,and many end up failing to diagnose and therefore do not fulfill their role to notify suspected cases, eitherby fear or by ignoring its obligation on this type of violence. Results and conclusion: Dental professionalsmust be prepared during dental school, so as not to fail after graduation. Therefore, it is of utmostimportance that the issue become part of the teaching plan of all institutions, especially in the disciplines offorensic dentistry and pediatric dentistry.